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Society And Teenage Pregnancy In Jamaica
from: C & P Staff WriterRates of teenage pregnancy in Jamaica are among the highest in the Caribbean, with the birth rate for fifteen to nineteen year olds at 108 births per 1,000 women. Forty five percent of all Jamaican women who are fifteen to twenty four years old have been pregnant by nineteen years of age, and forty one percent have given birth. Females between the ages of ten and nineteen account for roughly twenty five percent of all births in Jamaica, and about twenty two percent of births in fifteen to nineteen year olds are second births.
There are a number of consequences to teenage pregnancy in Jamaica. First of all, the education of the adolescent mother is disrupted, and often completely ended. Thirty six percent of teenage mothers complete more than four years of secondary school, compared to fifty percent of girls who never become pregnant. The mother, then is severely limited in her job opportunities. Furthermore, parents and society in general will not look kindly upon a young girl who has engaged in sexual activity at a young age, and often a girl is disowned and must support herself and her child alone.
Teenage pregnancy in Jamaica also carries with it health risks to the mother and child, though doubts have been raised as to whether these risks may also be attributed to socio-economic factors. Statistics show that maternal mortality rate is forty percent higher for mothers under fifteen, and thirteen percent higher for mothers in their twenties. It is not only the teen mother who experiences health risks, but the child of the adolescent mother as well. Research points to the fact that the neo-natal death rate for babies born to adolescent girls, is roughly three times higher than for babies born to adults.
Speaking of socio-economic factors, there are further health risks to the child due to the often precarious financial situation of the adolescent mother. Often the mother passes long periods of time away from the child, to try to find work or chooses to work extra hours to make enough money. This often leads to the mother stopping breast feeding early, and switching the child to foods which lack the essential nutrients found in breast milk. This leads to poor health and malnutrition among Jamaican children. The socio-economic situation of the Jamaican mother also often leads to child shifting, where a child is sent to live with other family members, or other families, away from the mother. Studies have shown that one out of five Jamaican children did not live with either their mother or father; very often the shifted child will be placed in a negative environment.
What Jamaican society is beginning to realize is that the negative effects of teenage pregnancy in Jamaica, are not felt solely by the adolescent mother or her child. The Jamaican economy suffers because of a poor labor force, due to so many young girls being uneducated, and because the resources of the country must be funneled into welfare programs for teenage mothers. Indeed, teenage pregnancy in Jamaica is obviously a complex and multi-faceted problem.
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